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Installing Oracle Database 12.1 on OEL6 64-bit

本周12C终于如愿以偿的发布了，那么作为Oracle的忠实Fans，必须得下一个来试试啊。顺便把操作系统也换成了OEL 6。其实在发布之前我也已经玩过测试版了。安装起来和11g差不多的。这里我就不继续啰嗦。我的安装指导性文档来源于MOS。Requirements for Installing Oracle Database 12.1 on RHEL6 or OL6 64-bit (x86-64) [ID 1529864.1]。下面我们来揭开12C的面纱。
1.操作系统需求
Oracle Linux 5 Update 6或者更高以上版本。
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 6或者更高以上版本。
Oracle Linux 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2.安装默认的软件包
Oracle推荐在安装操作系统的时候，选择安装默认的软件包。这里可以参考文档：Note 376183.1

Base System > Base
Base System > Compatibility libraries
Base System > Hardware monitoring utilities
Base System > Large Systems Performance
Base System > Network file system client
Base System > Performance Tools
Base System > Perl Support
Servers > Server Platform
Servers > System administration tools
Desktops > Desktop
Desktops > Desktop Platform
Desktops > Fonts
Desktops > General Purpose Desktop
Desktops > Graphical Administration Tools
Desktops > Input Methods
Desktops > X Window System
Applications > Internet Browser
Development > Additional Development
Development > Development Tools

3.Linux内核需求
Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise kernel: 2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.x86_64 or later
Oracle Linux 6 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel: 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6: 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel: 2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later
4.安装软件包需求

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
ksh? <== any version of ksh is acceptable
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

5.内核参数设置

kernel.shmall=393216
kernel.shmmax=1610612736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

kernel.shmall = 1/2 of physical memory in pages,
kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical memory in bytes.
这两个值和物理内存有关系，我的虚拟机设置的3G内存。那么这儿就应该设置kernel.shmmax=1610612736，然后用这个值除以页面值，默认页面是4096。所以kernel.shmall=393216。
6.设置Shell Limits

oracle              soft    nproc    2047 
oracle              hard   nproc   16384 
oracle              soft    nofile    1024 
oracle              hard   nofile    65536 
oracle              soft    stack    10240 
oracle              hard   stack    10240

在/etc/security/limits.conf下面设置Shell Limits配置。
7.关闭selinux,修改/etc/selinux/config文件

SELINUX=disabled

8.关闭防火墙

service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

9.设置主机名,修改/etc/hosts文件
192.168.56.194? db12c.localdomain db12c

10.创建用户

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
passwd oracle

由于有些功能我不需要使用，我只是基本安装，所以这儿我就只创建了默认的用户。如果有特殊需求，可以建立特殊的用户，比如backupdba、dgdba、kmdba、asmdba、asmoper、asmadmin。
11.建立文件夹

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

12.设置Oracle环境变量

# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR 

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=DB12C; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

13.上传介质，安装数据库
./runInstaller
安装截图如下：
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安装完成之后，先netca创建监听，然后dbca开始建库
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有变化的地方在这儿。多了创建CDB和PDB的选项。这里我创建了一个CBD和三个PDB。
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全新的EM Express值得尝试
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安装完了之后，我们可以通过最新的EM Express 12C来查看我们的数据库状态。

[oracle@db12c bin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jun 29 16:25:53 2013 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options 

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport() from dual; 

DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPSPORT()
------------------------------
                          5500

接下来通过

https://192.168.56.194:5500/em来访问

参考文档:
Requirements for Installing Oracle Database 12.1 on RHEL6 or OL6 64-bit (x86-64) [ID 1529864.1]
Oracle? Database 2 Day DBA 12c Release 1 (12.1)? —Starting EM Express

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